Structure–Activity Relationship of Highly Potent Galactonoamidine Inhibitors toward β-Galactosidase (Aspergillus oryzae)

Document Type

Article - Abstract Only

Publication Date

2014

Keywords

Kinetic assay, substrate choice, synthetic procedures, stock solution

Abstract

A small library of 22 N-substituted galactonoamidines was synthesized, and their structure–activity relationship for inhibition of the hydrolytic activity of β-galactosidase (Aspergillus oryzae) was evaluated. A fast screening assay in 96-well plate format was used to follow the enzymatic hydrolysis of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside using UV–vis spectroscopy. The aglycon moiety of all compounds was found to have a profound effect on their inhibitory ability. In general, galactonoamidines derived from cyclic aliphatic and linear amines show higher inhibition activity than those derived from benzylamines. Hydrophobic interactions of the methyl group rather than π–π stacking interactions of the aromatic ring in p-methylbenzyl-d-galactonoamidine were identified to cause its transition-state-like character and the remarkably high inhibitory ability (Ki = 8 nM). A flexible 3-carbon methylene spacer between the exo N atom of the sugar moiety and a phenyl group furthermore increased the observed apparent inhibition drastically.

Comments

An undergraduate research fellowship of the University of Arkansas Honors College to K.A.C. and support by the National Science Foundation (CHE-1305543) to S.S. are gratefully acknowledged. The facilities used in this study were supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) by grant no. P30 GM103450.

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