Date of Graduation

5-2024

Document Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Bachelor of Science in Nursing

Degree Level

Undergraduate

Department

Nursing

Advisor/Mentor

Ballentine, Hope

Committee Member

Wycoff, Allie

Abstract

Different parenting styles produce specific traits in offspring that are of direct relation to the chosen parenting style of the household. The goal of this study is to answer the question: What is the impact of authoritative parenting compared to authoritarian and permissive styles on long term psychological and behavioral function of offspring? This systematic review was conducted to collect and analyze studies relating to the long-term psychological and behavioral effects of offspring who were raised in one of the three most common parenting styles practiced: authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive. The authoritative parenting style is classified as establishing a warm, nurturing relationship with their children, while also setting clear rules and guidelines for them to follow and associating disciplinary actions with the breaking of those rules. The authoritarian parenting style is classified as a linear mode of communication from parent to child, strict rules with harsh disciplinary actions for breaking those rules, and little warmth in the parent-child relationship. The permissive parenting style is classified as having minimal expectations for offspring, limited rules generally with little to no disciplinary action for breaking those rules, and little warmth in the parent-child relationship. Two other parenting styles, including indulgent (high warmth, low strictness and control) and neglectful parenting styles (absence of warmth and strictness and control), were also included in the review. This study used a systematic review method of research to synthesize articles found in the databases of Medline EBSCO and PubMed. Twenty full-text peer-reviewed studies were recovered and utilized in this literature review, six being correlational studies, nine cross-sectional studies, and five longitudinal studies. Consistently across the literature search, authoritative parenting style manufactured the most positive long-term psychological and behavioral developmental outcomes in offspring over the authoritarian and permissive parenting styles. In addition, indulgent parenting style also produced mostly positive long-term psychological and behavioral developmental outcomes in offspring.

Keywords

parenting style; psychological and behavioral effects; offspring development; authoritative parenting

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