Evaluation of Industrial Hemp Cultivar and Biochar Rate to Remediate Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Soil from the Tar Creek Superfund Site, USA

Authors

Dietrich V. Thurston, University of Arkansas, FayettevilleFollow
Kristofor R. Brye, University of Arkansas, FayettevilleFollow
David M. Miller, University of Arkansas, FayettevilleFollow
Philip A. Moore Jr., USDA, Agricultural Research ServiceFollow
Donald M. Johnson, University of Arkansas, FayettevilleFollow
Mike Richardson, University of Arkansas, FayettevilleFollow

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

12-2024

Keywords

biochar; heavy metals; soil contamination; phytoremediation

Abstract

Soil contamination by cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) at the Tar Creek superfund site in northeast Oklahoma, United States, remains a threat to the environment and local ecosystem. Phytoremediation with industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) and the use of biochar (BC) have been independently shown to be effective methods to remediate heavy-metal-contaminated soils. The objective of this greenhouse study was to evaluate the effects of industrial hemp cultivar (‘Carmagnola’ and ‘Jinma’), biochar rate (0, 2, 5, and 10% by volume), soil contamination level (low, medium, and high), and their interactions on above- (AG) and belowground dry matter (DM) and AG tissue concentrations, as well as uptakes of Cd, Pb, and Zn after 90 days of growth in naturally contaminated soils from the Tar Creek superfund site. Aboveground DM was the largest (p < 0.01) in the low- (0.06 g cm⁻²) and smallest in the high-contaminated soil (0.03 g cm⁻²), and was unaffected (p > 0.05) by cultivar or BC rate. Averaged across BC rates, AG tissue Pb and Zn concentrations from the high-’Carmagnola’ and -’Jinma’ combinations were at least 2.4 times greater than from the other four soil–cultivar combinations. Averaged across cultivars, AG tissue Pb uptake in the high-5 and high-10% BC combinations were at least 2.7 times greater than in the high-0 and high-5% BC combinations, which did not differ. The results indicated that both ‘Carmagnola’ and ‘Jinma’ may be suitable choices for phytoremediation of mixed Cd-, Pb-, and Zn-contaminated soil when grown in combination with 5 or 10% (v/v) BC.

Citation

Thurston, D. V., Brye, K. R., Miller, D. M., Moore, P. A., Johnson, D. M., & Richardson, M. (2024). Evaluation of Industrial Hemp Cultivar and Biochar Rate to Remediate Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Soil from the Tar Creek Superfund Site, USA. Soil Systems, 8 (4), 114. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems8040114

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.