Document Type
Article
Publication Date
1-29-2025
Keywords
Antioxidant Capacity, Solvent-Extraction, Phenolic-Compounds, Vitis-Vinifera, Ellagic, Acid, Resveratrol, Seeds, Juice, Induction, Products
Abstract
This study evaluated the ethanol-water modified (50%, v/v) supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) for the extraction of polyphenols from muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifolia Michgx.) pomace and compared with conventional solvent extractions (ethanol-water and HCl-methanol). The process was optimized with a central composite response surface design consisting of three levels of three independent variables: pressure (20-40 MPa), temperature (40-60 degrees C), and cosolvent concentration (5-15%) to maximize three responses: total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and resveratrol yields. The optimal conditions were determined as 20 MPa, 60 degrees C, and 15% cosolvent concentration with TPC, TFC, and resveratrol yields of 2491 mg/100 g, 674 mg/100 g, and 1.07 mg/100 g, respectively. The surface plots indicated that a 15% cosolvent concentration maximized extraction efficiency, producing red-brown colored extracts. In contrast, a 5% cosolvent resulted in poor extractions, yielding yellow-green extracts under all conditions. The yields increased with higher temperatures (i.e., 60 degrees C) and lower pressures (i.e., 20 MPa). TPC and TFC obtained through cosolvent-modified SC-CO2 were similar to those obtained through conventional extractions. Moreover, the resveratrol yield was lower than the HCl-methanol extraction, even though it was not different from any ethanol-water extractions at any solvent-to-solute ratios. The analysis of antioxidants indicated that the ABTS values of the cosolvent-modified SC-CO2 extract were lower than those of the HCl-methanol extract. However, there were no significant differences in the DPPH values between the two extracts. Thus, this study optimized the sustainable technology of SC-CO2 extraction by employing only food-grade cosolvents-ethanol and water-as a more environmentally friendly method for isolating polyphenols from the underutilized waste product of muscadine grape pomace utilizing statistical methodologies in the extraction process.
Citation
Arda Tuhanioglu, Sumanjot Kaur, Gabriel Laquete De Barros, Safoura Ahmadzadeh, Renee Threlfall, Ali Ubeyitogullari; Optimizing Ethanol–Water Cosolvent Systems for Green Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Muscadine Grape Pomace Polyphenols. ACS Omega 11 February 2025; 10 (5): 4860–4869. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c10115
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