Date of Graduation

5-2026

Document Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

Degree Level

Undergraduate

Department

Civil Engineering

Advisor/Mentor

Suman Mitra

Abstract

Many small and mid-sized cities in the United States face ongoing transportation challenges due to limited public transit options. This can prevent residents from being able to reach essential destinations. While bikeshare systems have been widely studied in large metropolitan areas, there is limited understanding of how usage patterns vary across space, time, and trip characteristics in small-city contexts. This study addresses this gap by examining spatial and temporal patterns of bikeshare use in a small U.S. city through a case study of the Fort Smith, Arkansas, SMILIES bikeshare program. Using approximately 10,000 trips over three years, the analysis examines spatial, temporal, and trip characteristics, including frequency, duration, distance, bicycle type, and origin–destination patterns. Results show significant spatial and seasonal variation, with higher usage near parks, riverfronts, and community hubs, and lower activity in residential areas. Usage peaks during warmer months and declines in colder periods. Electric bicycles consistently exhibit higher trip rates than standard bikes, suggesting improved usability. Temporary increases in ridership are observed during community events and holidays. Trip patterns also differ by location, with longer, leisure-oriented trips near recreational areas and shorter, utilitarian trips in residential zones. Overall, the findings suggest that bikeshare can serve as a practical and flexible transportation option in small cities when station placement aligns with local activity patterns. The results provide actionable insights for local governments and transportation planners and offer a replicable framework for evaluating bikeshare programs in other small and mid-sized cities.

Keywords

bikeshare, fort smith, transportation, active transportation, shared bikes, small city

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